Surgery

Post-operative fever causes

Six W's: Wind: pulmonary system is primary source of fever first 48 hours, may have pneumonia Wound: infection at surgical site Water: check IV for phlebitis Walk: deep venous thrombosis, due to pelvic pooling or restricted mobility related to pain and fatigue Whiz: urinary tract infection if urinary catheterization Wonder drugs: drug-induced fever Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Scrotum: scrotum swelling differential

THE THEATRES: Torsion Hernia Epididymytis, orchitis Trauma Hydrocoele, varicocele, hematoma Edema Appendix testes (torsion, hemorrhage) Tumour Recurrent leukemia Epididymal cyst Syphilis, TB Show Details / Rate It ---Noam Kurtis Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv

Post-operative complications (immediate)

"Post-op PROBS": Pain Primary haemorrhage Reactionary haemorrhage Oliguria Basal atelectasis Shock/ Sepsis Show Details / Rate It ---Jacob George University of Sheffield, UK

Fistulas: conditions preventing closure

FETID: Foreign body Epithelialization Tumor Infection Distal obstruction Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Oedema causes: generalised

"HILARI IS SAVE" (Hilary): Heart failure Iatrogenic Liver causes Aldosterone increased/ ADH increased Renal cause Inadequate protein in blood (hypoalbuminaemia) · Causes for the inadequate protein in blood are: Intake Inadequate (Kwashiorkor) Secretion fro pancreas decreased (pancreatitis) Synthesis decreased (liver failure) Absorption decreased (Crohn's disease) Vomit (pyloric stenosis) Excretion increased (nephrotic) Show Details / Rate It ---Lau Yue Young Geoffrey Medical Student '03, Hong Kong University

Oedema causes: localised

ALIVE: Allergic (angio-oedema) Lymphatic (elephantiasis) Inflammatory (infection, injury) VEnous (DVT, chronic venous insufficiency) Show Details / Rate It ---Lau Yue Young Geoffrey Medical Student '03, Hong Kong University

GI bleeding: causes

ABCDEFGHI: Angiodysplasia Bowel cancer Colitis Diverticulitis/ Duodenal ulcer Epitaxis/ Esophageal (cancer, esophagitis, varices) Fistula (anal, aortaenteric) Gastric (cancer, ulcer, gastritis) Hemorrhoids Infectious diarrhoea/ IBD/ Ischemic bowel Show Details / Rate It ---Lau Yue Young Geoffrey HKU

Melanoma sites

"Mel SEA" (Pronounced "Mel C" from the Spice Girls) · Melanoma sites, in order of frequency: Skin Eyes Anus Show Details / Rate It ---Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel

Fistulas: conditions preventing closure

FRIEND: Foreign body Radiation Infection/ Inflammation (Crohn) Epithelialization Neoplasia Distal obstruction Show Details / Rate It ---Danny Rosin and Adam W. Beck, M.D. Unspecified and UT-Southwestern Hospital Systems

Appendicectomy: complications

WRAP IF HOT: Wound infection Respiratory (atelectasis, pneumonia) Abscess (pelvic) Portal pyemia Ileus (paralytic) Fecal fistula Hernia (r. inguinal) Obstruction (intestinal due to adhesions) Thrombus (DVT) Show Details / Rate It ---Sami Almusawa JUST

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Compartment syndrome: signs and symptoms

· 5 P's: Pain Palor P ulseless Paresethesia Pressure (increased) Show Details / Rate It ---Michelle Zetoony Medical Student 2003, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine

Oesophageal cancer risk factors

PC BASTARDS: Plummer-Vinson syndrome Coeliac disease Barrett's Alcohol Smoking Tylosis Achalasia Russia (geographical distribution) Diet Stricture Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. John Holme

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: genetic component

AAA (3 A's) is sometimes due to a defect in the gene encoding for type III procollagen. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Disease description: organization of answer

"In A Surgeon's Gown, Physicians May Make Some Clinical Progress": Incidence Age Sex Geography Predisposing factors Macroscopic appearance Microscopic appearance Spread Clinical features Prognosis Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Inguinal mass: differential

"Hernias Very Much Like To Swell": Hernias (inguinal, femoral) Vascular (femoral aneurysm, sapheno varyx) Muscle (psoas abscess) Lymph nodes Testicle (ectopic, undescended) Spermatic cord (lipoma, hydrocoele) Show Details / Rate It ---Josh Brostoff University of Birmingham Med School, UK

Haematocele: etiology

3T's and 2 H's: Tumor Torsion Trauma Hydrocele as a complication Haemophilia (blood diseases) Show Details / Rate It ---Zeinab Abd El Shafy Aboud 6th year medical student, University of Alexandria, Egypt

Abdomen: inspection

5 S's: Size Shape Scars Skin lesions Stoma Show Details / Rate It ---Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student

Varicose veins: symptoms

AEIOU: Aching Eczema Itching Oedema Ulceration/ Ugly (LDS, haemosiderin, varicosities) Show Details / Rate It ---Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student

Swollen leg: unilateral swelling causes

TV BAIL: Trauma Venous (varicose veins, DVT, venous insufficiency) Baker's cyst Allergy Inflammation (cellulitis) Lymphoedema Show Details / Rate It ---Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student

Ulcers: edge types

F PURE: Flat (eg venous) Punched-out (eg trophic, arterial) Undetermined (eg pressure, TB) Rolled (eg BCC) Everted (eg SCC) Show Details / Rate It ---Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student

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Pancreatitis: treatment

MACHINES: Monitor vital signs Analgesia/ Antibiotics Calcium gluconate (if deemed necessary) H2 receptor antagonist IV access/ IV fluids Nil by mouth Empty gastric contents Surgery if required/ Senior review Show Details / Rate It ---Sushant Varma Junior Doctor

Appendicitis: Alvarado's scoring system for diagnosis

MANTRELS: Migratory pain (1) Anorexia (1) Nausea (1) Tenderness (2) Rebound tenderness (1) Elevated temperature (1) Leucocytosis (2) Shift to left (1) · Score 3-4 = no appendicitis. Score 5-6 = doubtful. Score 7 or more = appendicitis is confirmed. Show Details / Rate It ---Angel and Dipendra Kathmandu Medical College, KTM, Nepal

Post operative order list check-up

FLAVOR: Fluids Laboratories Activity Vital signs Oral allowances Rx [medications] Show Details / Rate It ---Manuel S. Mendizabal, MD Mercy Hospital of Miami

Child-Pugh classification

"Pour Another Beer At Eleven": PT Albumin Bilirubin Ascites Encephalopathy ·Scoring (each is either 1, 2 or 3 points): PT (greater than 12 sec.): 1-3 or 4-6 or >6. Albumin: >3.5 or 2.8-3.5 or less than 2.8 Bilirubin: less than 2 or 2-3 or >3. Ascities: none or slight or moderate Encephalopathy: none or 1-2 (subjective) or 3-4 (subjective) · Interpretation: Class A: 5-6 points (candidate for surgical liver resection). Class B: 7-9 points (consider chemoembolization or RFA). Class C: 10-15 points (consider options in B or no therapy). Show Details / Rate It ---Michael Sawyer, MD Dept. of Surgery, Univ. of Hawaii and Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii

Hernias of Abdominal Wall

Think of the abdomen as a bucket, or PAIL that contains the viscera. These are the four groups of hernias: Pelvic hernias: obturator, perineal, sciatic Anterior hernias: epigastric, incisional, Spigelian, supravesical, umbilical Inguinal hernias: indirect, direct, femoral Lumbar hernias: inferior lumbar triangle (Petit), superior lumbar triangle (Grynfelt) Show Details / Rate It ---Michael Sawyer, MD Dept. of Surgery, Univ. of Hawaii and Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii

Hernias: abdominal wall: pelvic

The end products of metabolism that are released through the pelvis, are "Pee Or Stool": Perineal hernia Obturator hernia Sciatic hernia Show Details / Rate It ---Michael Sawyer, MD Dept. of Surgery, Univ. of Hawaii and Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii

Hernias: abdominal wall: lumbar triangles (with eponyms)

PIGS: Petit aka Inferior lumbar triangle Grynfelt aka Superior lumbar triangle Show Details / Rate It ---Michael Sawyer, MD Dept. of Surgery, Univ. of Hawaii and Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii

TPN indications

"MISIPPI Burning": Major visceral injury IBD Sepsis Ileus Post-op Paralysis Intestinal fistula Burns Show Details / Rate It ---Brendan O'Daly University College Dublin