Cardio

Aortic stenosis characteristics

SAD: Syncope Angina Dyspnoea Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

MI: basic management

BOOMAR: Bed rest Oxygen Opiate Monitor Anticoagulate Reduce clot size Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

ECG: left vs. right bundle block

"WiLLiaM MaRRoW": W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block. M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block. · Note: consider bundle branch blocks when QRS complex is wide. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Pericarditis: causes

CARDIAC RIND: Collagen vascular disease Aortic aneurysm Radiation Drugs (such as hydralazine) Infections Acute renal failure Cardiac infarction Rheumatic fever Injury Neoplasms Dressler's syndrome Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Murmurs: systolic types

SAPS: Systolic Aortic Pulmonic Stenosis · Systolic murmurs include aortic and pulmonary stenosis. · Similarly, it's common sense that if it is aortic and pulmonary stenosis it could also be mitral and tricusp regurgitation]. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

MI: signs and symptoms

PULSE: Persistent chest pains Upset stomach Lightheadedness Shortness of breath Excessive sweating Show Details / Rate It ---Sara Nemetz

Heart compensatory mechanisms that 'save' organ blood flow during shock

"Heart SAVER": Symphatoadrenal system Atrial natriuretic factor Vasopressin Endogenous digitalis-like factor Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system · In all 5, system is activated/factor is released Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Murmurs: right vs. left loudness

"RILE": Right sided heart murmurs are louder on Inspiration. Left sided heart murmurs are loudest on Expiration. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

ST elevation causes in ECG

ELEVATION: Electrolytes LBBB Early repolarization Ventricular hypertrophy Aneurysm Treatment (eg pericardiocentesis) Injury (AMI, contusion) Osborne waves (hypothermia) Non-occlusive vasospasm Show Details / Rate It ---Ken Evans Saskatchewan Health, Acute and Emergency Services

Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade)

3 D's: Distant heart sounds Distended jugular veins Decreased arterial pressure Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

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MI: therapeutic treatment

ROAMBAL: Reassure Oxygen Aspirin Morphine (diamorphine) Beta blocker Arthroplasty Lignocaine Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

CHF: causes of exacerbation

FAILURE: Forgot medication Arrhythmia/ Anaemia Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection Lifestyle: taken too much salt Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism Renal failure Embolism: pulmonary Show Details / Rate It ---Lau Yue Young Geoffrey

Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic

PASS: Pulmonic & Aortic Stenosis=Systolic. PAID: Pulmonic & Aortic Insufficiency=Diastolic. Show Details / Rate It ---W. Ciulla, RN, PA-C New Life Medical Clinic

Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic

Systolic murmurs: MR AS: "MR. ASner". Diastolic murmurs: MS AR: "MS. ARden". · The famous people with those surnames are Mr. Ed Asner and Ms. Jane Arden. Show Details / Rate It ---Kristy Thomas, PA-C Mesquite Medical Associates, Mesquite, NV

MI: therapeutic treatment

"O BATMAN!": Oxygen Beta blocker ASA Thrombolytics (eg heparin) Morphine Ace prn Nitroglycerin Show Details / Rate It ---Kristy Thomas, PA-C Mesquite Medical Associates, Mesquite, NV

Mitral stenosis (MS) vs. regurgitation (MR): epidemiology

MS is a female title (Ms.) and it is female predominant. MR is a male title (Mr.) and it is male predominant. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Pericarditis: EKG

"PericarditiS": PR depression in precordial leads. ST elevation. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Jugular venous pressure (JVP) elevation: causes

HOLT: Grab Harold Holt around the neck and throw him in the ocean: Heart failure Obstruction of venea cava Lymphatic enlargement - supraclavicular Intra-Thoracic pressure increase Show Details / Rate It ---Daniel Clarke University of Queensland

MI: therapeutic treatment

MONAH: Morphine Oxygen Nitrogen Aspirin Heparin Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Depressed ST-segment: causes

DEPRESSED ST: Drooping valve (MVP) Enlargement of LV with strain Potassium loss (hypokalemia) Reciprocal ST- depression (in I/W AMI) Embolism in lungs (pulmonary embolism) Subendocardial ischemia Subendocardial infarct Encephalon haemorrhage (intracranial haemorrhage) Dilated cardiomyopathy Shock Toxicity of digitalis, quinidine Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Sonali V.

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Murmurs: innocent murmur features

8 S's: Soft Systolic Short Sounds (S1 & S2) normal Symptomless Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG) Standing/ Sitting (vary with position) Sternal depression Show Details / Rate It ---Ziad Jaradat Jordan University School of Medicine

Murmur attributes

"IL PQRST" (person has ill PQRST heart waves): Intensity Location Pitch Quality Radiation Shape Timing Show Details / Rate It ---Ghassan Abu Said 4th year Medical Student

Murmurs: locations and descriptions

"MRS A$$": MRS: Mitral Regurgitation--Systolic A$$: Aortic Stenosis--Systolic · The other two murmurs, Mitral stenosis and Aortic regurgitation, are obviously diastolic. Show Details / Rate It ---Alex Gitelman SUNY Downstate

Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers

"Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium" · Cardioselective betablockers are: Betaxolol Acebutelol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol Show Details / Rate It ---Diljot Singh Bedi GMCH Chandigarh, India

Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable

HILT: Heaving Impalpable Laterally displaced Thrusting/ Tapping · If it is impalpable, causes are COPD: COPD Obesity Pleural, Pericardial effusion Dextrocardia Show Details / Rate It ---Sushant Varma Medical student, University of Sheffield, UK

MI: treatment of acute MI

COAG: Cyclomorph Oxygen Aspirin Glycerol trinitrate Show Details / Rate It ---Alan Desmond Cork University Hospital

Coronary artery bypass graft: indications

DUST: Depressed ventricular function Unstable angina Stenosis of the left main stem Triple vessel disease Show Details / Rate It ---Sushant Varma Medical student, University of Sheffield, UK

Peripheral vascular insufficiency: inspection criteria

SICVD: Symmetry of leg musculature Integrity of skin Color of toenails Varicose veins Distribution of hair Show Details / Rate It ---Jeffrey Turner Memorial University, Canada

Rheumatic fever: Revised Jones' criteria

JONES crITERIA: · Major criteria: Joint (arthritis) Obvious (Cardiac) Nodule (Rheumatic) Erythema marginatum Sydenham chorea · Minor criteria: Inflammatory cells (leukocytosis) Temperature (fever) ESR/CRP elevated Raised PR interval Itself (previous Hx of Rheumatic fever) Arthralgia Show Details / Rate It ---Anthony Chan Chinese University of Hong Kong

Heart murmurs

"hARD ASS MRS. MSD": hARD: Aortic Regurg = Diastolic ASS: Aortic Stenosis = Systolic MRS: Mitral Regurg = Systolic MSD: Mitral Stenosis = Diastolic Show Details / Rate It ---Jack Pasquale, MD St. George's University, School of Medicine

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Mitral regurgitation

When you hear holosystolic murmurs, think "MR-THEM ARE holosystolic murmurs". Show Details / Rate It ---James Noble Emory University School of Medicine

Sino-atrial node: innervation

Sympathetic acts on Sodium channels (SS). Parasympathetic acts on Potassium channels (PS). Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment

ABCDE: Adenosine Beta-blocker Calcium channel antagonist Digoxin Excitation (vagal stimulation) Show Details / Rate It ---Richard Thompson Queens University, Belfast, NI

Ventricular tachycardia: treatment

LAMB: Lidocaine Amiodarone Mexiltene/ Magnesium Beta-blocker Show Details / Rate It ---Richard Thompson Queens University, Belfast, NI

Rheumatic fever: Revised Jones criteria

JONES PEACE: · Major criteria: Joints: migratory O (heart shaped) Carditis: new onset murmur Nodules, subcutaneous: extensor surfaces Erythema marginatum Sydenham's chorea · Minor criteria: PR interval, prolonged ESR elevated Arthralgias CRP elevated Elevated temperature (fever) · Need 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor criteria, plus evidence of recent GAS infection (throat cx, rapid antigen test, or rising strep antibody titer). Show Details / Rate It ---Vince Yamashiroya

Pulseless electrical activity: causes

PATCH MED: Pulmonary embolus Acidosis Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia/ Hypoxia/ Hypothermia/ Hypovolemia Myocardial infarction Electrolyte derangements Drugs Show Details / Rate It ---Will Anderson University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Sinus bradycardia: aetiology

"SINUS BRADICARDIA" (sinus bradycardia): Sleep Infections (myocarditis) Neap thyroid (hypothyroid) Unconsciousness (vasovagal syncope) Subnormal temperatures (hypothermia) Biliary obstruction Raised CO2 (hypercapnia) Acidosis Deficient blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Imbalance of electrolytes Cushing's reflex (raised ICP) Aging Rx (drugs, such as high-dose atropine) Deep anaesthesia Ischemic heart disease Athletes Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Sonali Vadi

Rheumatic fever: Jones criteria

· Major criteria: CANCER: Carditis Arthritis Nodules Chorea Erythema Rheumatic anamnesis · Minor criteria: CAFE PAL: CRP increased Arthralgia Fever Elevated ESR Prolonged PR interval Anamnesis of rheumatism Leucocytosis Show Details / Rate It ---AAG Student

JVP: wave form

ASK ME: Atrial contraction Systole (ventricular contraction) Klosure (closure) of tricusps, so atrial filling Maximal atrial filling Emptying of atrium · See diagram. Show Details / Rate It ---Hafizur Rahman Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manc Medical School

Coronary artery bypass graft: indications

DUST: Depressed ventricular function Unstable angina Stenosis of the left main stem Triple vessel disease Show Details / Rate It ---Sushant Varma University of Sheffield, UK

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Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications

RAMP: Recent MI Aortic stenosis MI in the last 7 days Pulmonary hypertension Show Details / Rate It ---Sushant Varma University of Sheffield, UK

ECG: T wave inversion causes

INVERT: Ischemia Normality [esp. young, black] Ventricular hypertrophy Ectopic foci [eg calcified plaques] RBBB, LBBB Treatments [digoxin] Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Rheumatic fever: Jones major criteria

JONES: Joints (migrating polyarthritis) Obvious, the heart (carditis, pancarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis or valvulits) Nodes (subcutaneous nodules) Erythema marginatum Sydenham's chorea Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Myocardial infarctions: treatment

INFARCTIONS: IV access Narcotic analgesics (eg morphine, pethidine) Facilities for defibrillation (DF) Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin) Rest Converting enzyme inhibitor Thrombolysis IV beta blocker Oxygen 60% Nitrates Stool Softeners Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Atrial fibrillation: causes

PIRATES: Pulmonary: PE, COPD Iatrogenic Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD Thyroid: hyperthyroid Endocarditis Sick sinus syndrome Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Atrial fibrillation: management

ABCD: Anti-coagulate Beta-block to control rate Cardiovert Digoxin Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Anti-arrythmics: for AV nodes

"Do Block AV": Digoxin B-blockers Adenosine Verapamil Show Details / Rate It ---Azira Azmi University of Otago

Murmurs: systolic

MR PV TRAPS: Mitral Regurgitation and Prolaspe VSD Tricupsid Regurgitation Aortic and Pulmonary Stenosis Show Details / Rate It ---Ugonna Duru Yale University School Of Medicine

Apex beat: differential for impalpable apex beat

DOPES: Dextrocardia Obesity Pericarditis/ Pericardial tamponade/ Pneumothorax Emphysema Sinus inversus/ Student incompetence/ Scoliosis/ Skeletal abnormalities (eg pectus excavatum) Show Details / Rate It ---Fiona Hayes and Moses Lee Tong Chsia and Dalton Boyo UWCM, Cardiff, UK and Not Specified and Medical Student

Rheumatic fever: Jones 5 major criteria

STREP: Sydenhams chorea Transient migratory arthritis Rheumatic subcutaneous nodules Erythema marginatum Pancarditis (endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis) · STREP, since Rheumatic fever is caused by group A strep. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

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Sinus tachycardia

TACH FEVER: Tamponade/ Thyrotoxicosis Anemia CHF Hypotension Fever Excrutiating pain Volume depletion Exercise Rx (Theo, Dopa, Epi, etc) Show Details / Rate It ---Andrew Mackie, PA Rhode Island Hospital

CHF: causes of exacerbation

A SMITH PEAR: Anemia Salt/ Stress/ Stopping meds MI Infection/ Ischemia Thyroid (high/low) HTN Pericarditis Endocarditis (valve disease) Arrhythmia Rx (beta blocker, etc) Show Details / Rate It ---Andrew Mackie, PA Rhode Island Hospital

Murmurs: louder with inspiration vs expiration

LEft sided murmurs louder with Expiration RIght sided murmurs louder with Inspiration. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Murmurs: questions to ask

SCRIPT: Site Character (eg harsh, soft, blowing) Radiation Intensity Pitch Timing Show Details / Rate It ---Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student

Aortic regurgitation: causes

CREAM: Congenital Rheumatic damage Endocarditis Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation Marfan's Show Details / Rate It ---Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student

Heart failure: signs

TAPED TORCH: Tachycardia Ascites Pulsus alternans Elevated jugular venous pressure Displaced apex beat Third heart sound Oedema Right ventricular heave Crepitations or wheeze Hepatomegaly (tender) Show Details / Rate It ---Sandeep Samrat Sharma Armed Forces Medical College

CHF: Left-sided systolic failure signs and symptoms

"Left Systolic Failure Can Have Dialated Heart Cause Of Pulmpnary Backflow": Loss of hair on legs Skin cold and clammy Fatigue Crackles High heart rate Dyspnea HTN Cyanosis Orthopnea Pink Sputum Show Details / Rate It ---Stacey Alvin Community College

Acute Coronary Syndrome: initial treatment

Aspirin Beta blocker Coagulation (anticoagulation with heparin/LMW Heparin) Double product control (decrease heart rate and blood pressure) Show Details / Rate It ---Elden Rand Brooke Army Medical Center - Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX