Cardio

Aortic stenosis characteristics

SAD: Syncope Angina Dyspnoea Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

MI: basic management

BOOMAR: Bed rest Oxygen Opiate Monitor Anticoagulate Reduce clot size Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

ECG: left vs. right bundle block

"WiLLiaM MaRRoW": W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block. M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block. · Note: consider bundle branch blocks when QRS complex is wide. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Pericarditis: causes

CARDIAC RIND: Collagen vascular disease Aortic aneurysm Radiation Drugs (such as hydralazine) Infections Acute renal failure Cardiac infarction Rheumatic fever Injury Neoplasms Dressler's syndrome Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Murmurs: systolic types

SAPS: Systolic Aortic Pulmonic Stenosis · Systolic murmurs include aortic and pulmonary stenosis. · Similarly, it's common sense that if it is aortic and pulmonary stenosis it could also be mitral and tricusp regurgitation]. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

MI: signs and symptoms

PULSE: Persistent chest pains Upset stomach Lightheadedness Shortness of breath Excessive sweating Show Details / Rate It ---Sara Nemetz

Heart compensatory mechanisms that 'save' organ blood flow during shock

"Heart SAVER": Symphatoadrenal system Atrial natriuretic factor Vasopressin Endogenous digitalis-like factor Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system · In all 5, system is activated/factor is released Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Murmurs: right vs. left loudness

"RILE": Right sided heart murmurs are louder on Inspiration. Left sided heart murmurs are loudest on Expiration. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

ST elevation causes in ECG

ELEVATION: Electrolytes LBBB Early repolarization Ventricular hypertrophy Aneurysm Treatment (eg pericardiocentesis) Injury (AMI, contusion) Osborne waves (hypothermia) Non-occlusive vasospasm Show Details / Rate It ---Ken Evans Saskatchewan Health, Acute and Emergency Services

Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade)

3 D's: Distant heart sounds Distended jugular veins Decreased arterial pressure Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

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MI: therapeutic treatment

ROAMBAL: Reassure Oxygen Aspirin Morphine (diamorphine) Beta blocker Arthroplasty Lignocaine Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

CHF: causes of exacerbation

FAILURE: Forgot medication Arrhythmia/ Anaemia Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection Lifestyle: taken too much salt Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism Renal failure Embolism: pulmonary Show Details / Rate It ---Lau Yue Young Geoffrey

Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic

PASS: Pulmonic & Aortic Stenosis=Systolic. PAID: Pulmonic & Aortic Insufficiency=Diastolic. Show Details / Rate It ---W. Ciulla, RN, PA-C New Life Medical Clinic

Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic

Systolic murmurs: MR AS: "MR. ASner". Diastolic murmurs: MS AR: "MS. ARden". · The famous people with those surnames are Mr. Ed Asner and Ms. Jane Arden. Show Details / Rate It ---Kristy Thomas, PA-C Mesquite Medical Associates, Mesquite, NV

MI: therapeutic treatment

"O BATMAN!": Oxygen Beta blocker ASA Thrombolytics (eg heparin) Morphine Ace prn Nitroglycerin Show Details / Rate It ---Kristy Thomas, PA-C Mesquite Medical Associates, Mesquite, NV

Mitral stenosis (MS) vs. regurgitation (MR): epidemiology

MS is a female title (Ms.) and it is female predominant. MR is a male title (Mr.) and it is male predominant. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Pericarditis: EKG

"PericarditiS": PR depression in precordial leads. ST elevation. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Jugular venous pressure (JVP) elevation: causes

HOLT: Grab Harold Holt around the neck and throw him in the ocean: Heart failure Obstruction of venea cava Lymphatic enlargement - supraclavicular Intra-Thoracic pressure increase Show Details / Rate It ---Daniel Clarke University of Queensland

MI: therapeutic treatment

MONAH: Morphine Oxygen Nitrogen Aspirin Heparin Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Depressed ST-segment: causes

DEPRESSED ST: Drooping valve (MVP) Enlargement of LV with strain Potassium loss (hypokalemia) Reciprocal ST- depression (in I/W AMI) Embolism in lungs (pulmonary embolism) Subendocardial ischemia Subendocardial infarct Encephalon haemorrhage (intracranial haemorrhage) Dilated cardiomyopathy Shock Toxicity of digitalis, quinidine Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Sonali V.

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Murmurs: innocent murmur features

8 S's: Soft Systolic Short Sounds (S1 & S2) normal Symptomless Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG) Standing/ Sitting (vary with position) Sternal depression Show Details / Rate It ---Ziad Jaradat Jordan University School of Medicine

Murmur attributes

"IL PQRST" (person has ill PQRST heart waves): Intensity Location Pitch Quality Radiation Shape Timing Show Details / Rate It ---Ghassan Abu Said 4th year Medical Student

Murmurs: locations and descriptions

"MRS A$$": MRS: Mitral Regurgitation--Systolic A$$: Aortic Stenosis--Systolic · The other two murmurs, Mitral stenosis and Aortic regurgitation, are obviously diastolic. Show Details / Rate It ---Alex Gitelman SUNY Downstate

Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers

"Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium" · Cardioselective betablockers are: Betaxolol Acebutelol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol Show Details / Rate It ---Diljot Singh Bedi GMCH Chandigarh, India

Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable

HILT: Heaving Impalpable Laterally displaced Thrusting/ Tapping · If it is impalpable, causes are COPD: COPD Obesity Pleural, Pericardial effusion Dextrocardia Show Details / Rate It ---Sushant Varma Medical student, University of Sheffield, UK

MI: treatment of acute MI

COAG: Cyclomorph Oxygen Aspirin Glycerol trinitrate Show Details / Rate It ---Alan Desmond Cork University Hospital

Coronary artery bypass graft: indications

DUST: Depressed ventricular function Unstable angina Stenosis of the left main stem Triple vessel disease Show Details / Rate It ---Sushant Varma Medical student, University of Sheffield, UK

Peripheral vascular insufficiency: inspection criteria

SICVD: Symmetry of leg musculature Integrity of skin Color of toenails Varicose veins Distribution of hair Show Details / Rate It ---Jeffrey Turner Memorial University, Canada

Rheumatic fever: Revised Jones' criteria

JONES crITERIA: · Major criteria: Joint (arthritis) Obvious (Cardiac) Nodule (Rheumatic) Erythema marginatum Sydenham chorea · Minor criteria: Inflammatory cells (leukocytosis) Temperature (fever) ESR/CRP elevated Raised PR interval Itself (previous Hx of Rheumatic fever) Arthralgia Show Details / Rate It ---Anthony Chan Chinese University of Hong Kong

Heart murmurs

"hARD ASS MRS. MSD": hARD: Aortic Regurg = Diastolic ASS: Aortic Stenosis = Systolic MRS: Mitral Regurg = Systolic MSD: Mitral Stenosis = Diastolic Show Details / Rate It ---Jack Pasquale, MD St. George's University, School of Medicine

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Mitral regurgitation

When you hear holosystolic murmurs, think "MR-THEM ARE holosystolic murmurs". Show Details / Rate It ---James Noble Emory University School of Medicine

Sino-atrial node: innervation

Sympathetic acts on Sodium channels (SS). Parasympathetic acts on Potassium channels (PS). Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment

ABCDE: Adenosine Beta-blocker Calcium channel antagonist Digoxin Excitation (vagal stimulation) Show Details / Rate It ---Richard Thompson Queens University, Belfast, NI

Ventricular tachycardia: treatment

LAMB: Lidocaine Amiodarone Mexiltene/ Magnesium Beta-blocker Show Details / Rate It ---Richard Thompson Queens University, Belfast, NI

Rheumatic fever: Revised Jones criteria

JONES PEACE: · Major criteria: Joints: migratory O (heart shaped) Carditis: new onset murmur Nodules, subcutaneous: extensor surfaces Erythema marginatum Sydenham's chorea · Minor criteria: PR interval, prolonged ESR elevated Arthralgias CRP elevated Elevated temperature (fever) · Need 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor criteria, plus evidence of recent GAS infection (throat cx, rapid antigen test, or rising strep antibody titer). Show Details / Rate It ---Vince Yamashiroya

Pulseless electrical activity: causes

PATCH MED: Pulmonary embolus Acidosis Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia/ Hypoxia/ Hypothermia/ Hypovolemia Myocardial infarction Electrolyte derangements Drugs Show Details / Rate It ---Will Anderson University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Sinus bradycardia: aetiology

"SINUS BRADICARDIA" (sinus bradycardia): Sleep Infections (myocarditis) Neap thyroid (hypothyroid) Unconsciousness (vasovagal syncope) Subnormal temperatures (hypothermia) Biliary obstruction Raised CO2 (hypercapnia) Acidosis Deficient blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Imbalance of electrolytes Cushing's reflex (raised ICP) Aging Rx (drugs, such as high-dose atropine) Deep anaesthesia Ischemic heart disease Athletes Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Sonali Vadi

Rheumatic fever: Jones criteria

· Major criteria: CANCER: Carditis Arthritis Nodules Chorea Erythema Rheumatic anamnesis · Minor criteria: CAFE PAL: CRP increased Arthralgia Fever Elevated ESR Prolonged PR interval Anamnesis of rheumatism Leucocytosis Show Details / Rate It ---AAG Student

JVP: wave form

ASK ME: Atrial contraction Systole (ventricular contraction) Klosure (closure) of tricusps, so atrial filling Maximal atrial filling Emptying of atrium · See diagram. Show Details / Rate It ---Hafizur Rahman Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manc Medical School

Coronary artery bypass graft: indications

DUST: Depressed ventricular function Unstable angina Stenosis of the left main stem Triple vessel disease Show Details / Rate It ---Sushant Varma University of Sheffield, UK

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Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications

RAMP: Recent MI Aortic stenosis MI in the last 7 days Pulmonary hypertension Show Details / Rate It ---Sushant Varma University of Sheffield, UK

ECG: T wave inversion causes

INVERT: Ischemia Normality [esp. young, black] Ventricular hypertrophy Ectopic foci [eg calcified plaques] RBBB, LBBB Treatments [digoxin] Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Rheumatic fever: Jones major criteria

JONES: Joints (migrating polyarthritis) Obvious, the heart (carditis, pancarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis or valvulits) Nodes (subcutaneous nodules) Erythema marginatum Sydenham's chorea Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Myocardial infarctions: treatment

INFARCTIONS: IV access Narcotic analgesics (eg morphine, pethidine) Facilities for defibrillation (DF) Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin) Rest Converting enzyme inhibitor Thrombolysis IV beta blocker Oxygen 60% Nitrates Stool Softeners Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Atrial fibrillation: causes

PIRATES: Pulmonary: PE, COPD Iatrogenic Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD Thyroid: hyperthyroid Endocarditis Sick sinus syndrome Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Atrial fibrillation: management

ABCD: Anti-coagulate Beta-block to control rate Cardiovert Digoxin Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Anti-arrythmics: for AV nodes

"Do Block AV": Digoxin B-blockers Adenosine Verapamil Show Details / Rate It ---Azira Azmi University of Otago

Murmurs: systolic

MR PV TRAPS: Mitral Regurgitation and Prolaspe VSD Tricupsid Regurgitation Aortic and Pulmonary Stenosis Show Details / Rate It ---Ugonna Duru Yale University School Of Medicine

Apex beat: differential for impalpable apex beat

DOPES: Dextrocardia Obesity Pericarditis/ Pericardial tamponade/ Pneumothorax Emphysema Sinus inversus/ Student incompetence/ Scoliosis/ Skeletal abnormalities (eg pectus excavatum) Show Details / Rate It ---Fiona Hayes and Moses Lee Tong Chsia and Dalton Boyo UWCM, Cardiff, UK and Not Specified and Medical Student

Rheumatic fever: Jones 5 major criteria

STREP: Sydenhams chorea Transient migratory arthritis Rheumatic subcutaneous nodules Erythema marginatum Pancarditis (endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis) · STREP, since Rheumatic fever is caused by group A strep. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

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Sinus tachycardia

TACH FEVER: Tamponade/ Thyrotoxicosis Anemia CHF Hypotension Fever Excrutiating pain Volume depletion Exercise Rx (Theo, Dopa, Epi, etc) Show Details / Rate It ---Andrew Mackie, PA Rhode Island Hospital

CHF: causes of exacerbation

A SMITH PEAR: Anemia Salt/ Stress/ Stopping meds MI Infection/ Ischemia Thyroid (high/low) HTN Pericarditis Endocarditis (valve disease) Arrhythmia Rx (beta blocker, etc) Show Details / Rate It ---Andrew Mackie, PA Rhode Island Hospital

Murmurs: louder with inspiration vs expiration

LEft sided murmurs louder with Expiration RIght sided murmurs louder with Inspiration. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Murmurs: questions to ask

SCRIPT: Site Character (eg harsh, soft, blowing) Radiation Intensity Pitch Timing Show Details / Rate It ---Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student

Aortic regurgitation: causes

CREAM: Congenital Rheumatic damage Endocarditis Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation Marfan's Show Details / Rate It ---Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student

Heart failure: signs

TAPED TORCH: Tachycardia Ascites Pulsus alternans Elevated jugular venous pressure Displaced apex beat Third heart sound Oedema Right ventricular heave Crepitations or wheeze Hepatomegaly (tender) Show Details / Rate It ---Sandeep Samrat Sharma Armed Forces Medical College

CHF: Left-sided systolic failure signs and symptoms

"Left Systolic Failure Can Have Dialated Heart Cause Of Pulmpnary Backflow": Loss of hair on legs Skin cold and clammy Fatigue Crackles High heart rate Dyspnea HTN Cyanosis Orthopnea Pink Sputum Show Details / Rate It ---Stacey Alvin Community College

Acute Coronary Syndrome: initial treatment

Aspirin Beta blocker Coagulation (anticoagulation with heparin/LMW Heparin) Double product control (decrease heart rate and blood pressure) Show Details / Rate It ---Elden Rand Brooke Army Medical Center - Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX

Derma

Malignant melanoma: 3 sites with poor prognosis

BANS: Back of Arm Neck Scalp Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Albinism: type I vs. II classification

"One has None. Two Accumulates": Type I: have no pigment. Type II: No pigment at birth, but accumulates as person ages. Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Generalized skin hyperpigmentation: causes

"With generalized, none of skin is SPARED": Sunlight Pregnancy Addison's disease Renal failure Excess iron (haemochromatosis) Drugs (eg busulphan) Show Details / Rate It ---Lau Yue Young Geoffrey HKU

Clubbing: causes

CLUBBING: Cyanotic heart disease Lung disease (hypoxia, lung cancer, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis) UC/Crohn's disease Biliary cirrhosis Birth defect (harmless) Infective endocarditis Neoplasm (esp. Hodgkins) GI malabsorption Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Cutaneous inflammation patterns

"Pus of Pig Valve" · Remove the vowels: PSFPGVLV: Psoriaform Spongiotic (eczematous) Folliculitis Panniculitis Granulomatous Vasculopathic Lichenoid Vessiculobullous Show Details / Rate It ---Daniel Clarke University of Queensland

Nodules: painful cutaneous nodules causes

BENGAL CO.: Blue rubber bleb nevus Eccrine spiradenoma Neurilemmoma/ Neuroma Glomus tumor Angiolipoma/ Angioleiomyoma/ Angiosarcoma Leiomyoma Cutaneous endometriosis/ Calcinosis cutis Osteoma cutis Show Details / Rate It ---Jaggi Rao University of Alberta

Wound healing: factors delaying

DID NOT HEAL: Drugs Infection/ Icterus/ Ischemia Diabetes Nutrition Oxygen (hypoxia) Toxins Hypothermia/ Hyperthermia EtOH Acidosis Local anesthetics Show Details / Rate It ---Mohamed Azim Assistant lecturer of Pediatric Surgery, Alexandria University, Egypt

White patch of skin: differential

"Vitiligo PATCH": Vitiligo Pityriasis alba/ Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation Age related hypopigmentation Tinea versicolor/ Tuberous sclerosis (ashleaf macule) Congenital birthmark Hansen's (leprosy) Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Chetan Wasekar Set G.S. Medical College, KEM Hospital, Bombay

Psoriasis: pathophysiology

PSORIASIS: Pink Papules/ Plaques/ Pinpoint bleeding (Auspitz sign)/ Physical injury (Koebner phenomenon)/ Pain Silver Scale/ Sharp margins Onycholysis/ Oil spots Rete Ridges with Regular elongation Itching Arthritis/ Abscess (Munro) Stratum corneum with nuclei, neutrophils Immunologic Stratum granulosum absent/ Stratum Spinosum thickening Show Details / Rate It ---Rinku Uberoi New York Hospital

Raynaud's phenomenon: causes

COLD HAND: Cryoglobulins/ Cryofibrinogens Obstruction/ Occupational Lupus erythematosus, other connective tissue disease Diabetes mellitus/ Drugs Hematologic problems (polycythemia, leukemia, etc) Arterial problems (atherosclerosis) Neurologic problems (vascular tone) Disease of unknown origin (idiopathic) Show Details / Rate It ---Jaggi Rao University of Alberta

 

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Erythema nodosum: causes

DIPS OUT: Drugs (eg sulfonamides) Infections (eg strep) Pregnancy OCP Ulcerative colitis TB Show Details / Rate It ---Nick Murch Medical House Officer

Pruritus: systemic causes

ITCH: Iron deficiency anemia/ Internal malignancy Thyroid disease/ Type 1 DM CRF/ Chronic liver disease HIV infection/ Hereditary hemochromatosis Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Ibrahim Yasir Ahmed IGMH / Male' Rep. of Maldives

Eye

Optic atrophy causes

ICING: Ischaemia Compressed nerve Intracranial pressure [raised] Neuritis history Glaucoma Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Red eye causes

GO SUCK: Glaucoma Orbital disease Scleritis Uveitis Conjunctivitis Keratitis Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Anopsia: quarantic anopsia: location of lesion

Upper: Top: Temporal lesions. Lower: Pits: Parietal lesions. Show Details / Rate It ---Sung Hoon Kim Wonkang Univ Medical school, South Korea

Cataracts: causes

ABCDE: Aging Bang: trauma, other injuries (eg infrared) Congenital Diabetes and other metabolic disturbances (eg steroids) Eye diseases: glaucoma, uveitis Show Details / Rate It ---Anthony Chan

Diplopia (uniocular): causes

ABCD: Astigmatism Behavioral: psychogenic Cataract Dislocated lens Show Details / Rate It ---Anthony Chan

Corneal stromal dystrophies

"Marilyn Monroe Gets High in LA": Macular: Mucopolysaccharide Granular: Hyaline Lattice: Amyloid Show Details / Rate It ---Elise R. Leonard, M.D.

Nasopharyngeal cancer: classic symptoms

NOSE: Neck mass Obstructed nasal passage Serous otitis media externa Epistaxis and discharge Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Cataracts: differential

CATARAct: Congenital Aging Toxicity (steroids, etc) Accidents Radiation Abnormal metabolism (DM, Wilsons, etc) Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Dacryocystitis, dacryoadenitis: apparatus affected

Dacryocystitis, dacryadenitis: · Cry, so affects lacrimal gland. · Infection and inflammation, respectively. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Cataracts: causes

CATARAct: Congenital Aging Toxicity (steroids, etc) Accidents Radiation Abnormal metabolism (diabetes mellitus, Wilson's) Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

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Choroidal neovascular membrane

HAMMAR: Histoplasmosis ARMD Multifocal Choroiditis Myopia Angiod Rupture of the choroid Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Periorbital cellulitis: etiology

SIGHT: Sinusitis Insect Bite Globular/ Glandular Spread Heme Spread Trauma Show Details / Rate It ---Gregory Gulick Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine

Genetics

Exon vs. intron function

Exons Expressed. InTrons In Trash. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Nucleotides: class having the single ring

· "Pyrimadines are CUT from purines" · Pyrimidines are: Cytosine Uracil Thiamine They are cut from purines so the pyrimadines must be smaller (one ring). Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Pedigree symbols: gender and affected

Gender: The cIRcle is a gIRl [so boys are squares]. Affected: Black plague was a disease, so black-filled symbol means an affected/diseased person [so non-filled-in is unaffected]. Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Cell cycle stages

"Go Sally Go! Make Children!": G1 phase (Growth phase 1) S phase (DNA Synthesis) G2 phase (Growth phase 2) M phase (Mitosis) C phase (Cytokinesis) Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: causes for deviations from it

"Maggie May Does Not Smoke": Mutations Migration Drift Non-random mating Selection Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Tumor suppressor vs. proto-onogene mutations: recessive vs. dominant

"Recess Suppress": Tumor suppressor mutations are recessive. Proto-oncogenes are opposite (dominant). Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Blots: function of Southern vs. Northern vs. Western

"SN0W DR0P": · Match up the 1st word letter with 2nd word letter: Southern=DNA Northern=RNA Western=Protein · The 0's in snow drop are zeros, since there is no Eastern blot. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Pyrimidines nucleotides

"CUT the PY" (cut the pie): Cytosine Uracil Thiamine are the PYrimidines Show Details / Rate It ---Ken Evans Saskatchewan Health, Acute and Emergency Services

Cri-du-chat syndrome: chromosomal deletion causing it is 5p(-)

What's another name for a cat that's five letters long and starts with a P? (Answer: pussy). Why is the cat crying? Missing its P. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Nucleotides: which are purines

"Pure Silver": · Chemical formula of Pure silver is Ag. Therefore, Purines are Adenine and Guanine. Show Details / Rate It ---Jason Mounts Medical College of Georgia

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Achrondroplasia dwarfism: inheritance pattern

Achondroplasia Dwarfism is Autosomal Dominant. Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Marfan syndrome features

MARFAN'S: Mitral valve prolapse Aortic Aneurysm Retinal detachment Fibrillin Arachnodactyly Negative Nitroprusside test (differentiates from homocystinuria) Subluxated lens Show Details / Rate It ---Rinku Uberoi and Wabbas Mahmud UNIBE and Punjab Medical College Faisalabad, Pakistan

Imprinting diseases: Prader-Willi and Angelman

"Pray to an Angel": Prader-Willi and Angelman are the 2 classic imprinting diseases. · Which disease results, depends on whether 15q deletion is maternal or paternal. Keep them straight by: Paternal is Prader-Willi. · See diagram for cardinal symptom of each disease. Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Down syndrome pathology

DOWN: Decreased alpha-fetoprotein and unconjugated estriol (maternal) One extra chromosome twenty-one Women of advanced age Nondisjunction during maternal meiosis Show Details / Rate It ---Rinku S. Uberoi UNIBE

Hurler syndrome features

HURLER'S: Heptosplenomegaly Ugly facies Recessive (AR inheritance) L-iduronidase deficiency (alpha) Eyes clouded Retarded Short/ Stubby fingers Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Tay Sach's features

SACHS: Spot in macula Ashkenazic Jews CNS degeneration Hex A deficiency Storage disease · Extra details with TAY: Testing recommended Autosomal recessive/ Amaurosis Young death (<4 yrs) Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Down syndrome features: complete

"My CHILD HAS PROBLEM!": Congenital heart disease/ Cataracts Hypotonia/ Hypothyroidism Incure 5th finger/ Increased gap between 1st and 2nd toe Leukemia risk x2/ Lung problem Duodenal atresia/ Delayed development Hirshsprung's disease/ Hearing loss Alzheimer's disease/ Alantoaxial instability Squint/ Short neck Protruding tongue/ Palm crease Round face/ Rolling eye (nystagmus) Occiput flat/ Oblique eye fissure Brushfield spot/ Brachycephaly Low nasal bridge/ Language problem Epicanthic fold/ Ear folded Mental retardation/ Myoclonus Show Details / Rate It ---Lau Yue Young Geoffrey Medical Student '03, Hong Kong University

APKD: genetics

ADult Polycystic Kidney Disease is Autosomal Dominant · Also, "Polycystic kidney" has 16 letters and is due to a defect on chromosome 16. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

DiGeorge/ Velocardiofacial syndrome: features

CATCH 22: Cardiac abnormalities Abnormal facies Thymic aplasia Cleft palate Hypocalcemia 22q11 deletion Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Nucleotides: purines vs. pyrimidines

"Guardian Angels are Pure, with two Wings": G and A are Purines, with two Rings. · See diagram. Show Details / Rate It ---V. Coleman University of Washington SOM, Seattle

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Chromosome 15 diseases

Chromosome 15 has its own MAP: Marfan syndrome Angelman syndrome Prader-Willi syndrome Show Details / Rate It ---Christopher Jordan UAG

Bartter syndrome: inheritance

BARtter syndrome is autosomal recessive (AR). Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Nucleotides: double vs. triple bonded basepairs

"TU bonds" (two bonds): T-A and U-A have Two bonds. G-C therefore has the three bonds. Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Codons: nonsense mutation

"Stop talking nonsense!": Nonsense mutation causes premature stop. Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

DNA: Z vs. B form: which is inactive

ZZZZ is sleeping (inactive). B form is therefore active DNA. Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Nucleotides: purines

"AGUA PURa": Adenine and GUAnine are PURines. · "Agua pura" is spanish for "pure water". Show Details / Rate It ---Patricia Sanchez INTEC University, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic