Neurology

Pin-point pupil causes

Pin-Point Pupils are due to oPioids and Pontine Pathology Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Babinski and LMN signs: conditions exhibiting them

"D MASTS": Diabetes Motor neuron disease Ataxia (friedrichs) Subacute combined degeneration of cord Tabo paresis Syringobulbia Show Details / Rate It ---G.S. Dutt

Peripheral neuropathies: differential

DANG THERAPIST: Diabetes Amyloid Nutritional (eg B12 deficiency) Guillain-Barre Toxic (eg amiodarone) Heriditary Endocrine Recurring (10% of G-B) Alcohol Pb (lead) Idiopathic Sarcoid Thyroid Show Details / Rate It ---Ben Campbell University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand

Dementia: some common causes

DEMENTIA: Diabetes Ethanol Medication Environmental (eg CO poisoning) Nutritional Trauma Infection Alzheimer's Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Vertigo: differential

VOMITS: Vestibulitis Ototoxic drugs Meniere's disease Injury Tumor Spin (benign positional vertigo) Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. J.G. Norris

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome: cause and common feature

"Ramsay Hunt": · Etiology: Reactivated Herpes zoster · Complication: Reduced Hearing Show Details / Rate It ---Rinku S. Uberoi UNIBE

Stroke risk factors

HEADS: Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia Elderly Atrial fib Diabetes mellitus/ Drugs (cocaine) Smoking/ Sex (male) Show Details / Rate It ---Rinku S. Uberoi UNIBE

Multiple sclerosis (MS): epidemiology

MS is a feminine title (Ms.) and is female predominant. Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Neuropathy: diagnosis confirmation

NEuropathy: Nerve conduction velocity Electromyography Show Details / Rate It ---Rinku S. Uberoi

Battle sign

BattlE: Behind Ear Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

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Neurofibromatosis: diagnostic criteria

ROLANDO: Relative (1st degree) Osseous fibromas Lisch nodules in eyes Axillary freckling Neurofibromas Dime size cafe au lait spots Optic gliomas Show Details / Rate It ---Balraj Jhawar The University of Western Ontario

Proximal myopathy: differential

PEACH PODS: Polymyositis Endocrine: hyper, hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly Alcohol Carcinoma HIV infection Periodic hypokalemic paralysis Osteomalacia Drugs: steroids, statins Sarcoidosis Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Dementia: reversible dementia causes

DEMENTIA: Drugs/ Depression Elderly Multi-infarct/ Medication Environmental Nutritional Toxins Ischemia Alcohol Show Details / Rate It ---Mohamed Azim Assistant lecturer of Pediatric Surgery, Alexandria University, Egypt

Stroke: young patient's likely causes

7 C's: Cocaine Consanguinity [familial such as neurofibromatosis and von Hippel-Lindau] Cancer Cardiogenic embol hyperCoagulation CNS infection [eg: HIV conditions] Congenital arterial lesion Show Details / Rate It ---Samuel Atom Baek-Kim Tuckahoe, N.Y.

Encephalitis: differential

HE'S LATIN AMERICAN: Herpesviridae Enteroviridae (esp. Polio) Slow viruses (esp. JC, prions) Syphilis Legionella/ Lyme disease/ Lymphocytic meningoencephalitis Aspergillus Toxoplasmosis Intracranial pressure Neisseria meningitidis Arboviridae Measles/ Mumps/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ Mucor E. coli Rabies/ Rubella Idiopathic Cryptococcus/ Candida Abscess Neoplasm/ Neurocysticercosis · Neurocysticercosis should be assumed with recent Latin American immigrant patient unless proven otherwise. Show Details / Rate It ---Samuel Atom Baek-Kim Tuckahoe, NY

Head trauma: rapid neuro exam

· 12 P's: Psychological (mental) status Pupils: size, symmetry, reaction Paired ocular movememts Papilloedema Pressure (BP, increased ICP) Pulse and rate Paralysis, Paresis Pyramidal signs Pin prick sensory response Pee (incontinent) Patellar relex (and others) Ptosis · Reevaluate patient every 8 hrs. Show Details / Rate It ---Ernest Boiselier, MD and Sung Kim Attending physician, ISSSTE, Juarez, Mexico

Neurofibromatosis: diagnositic criteria (type-1)

CAFE SPOT: Cafe-au-lait spots Axillary, inguinal freckling Fibroma Eye: lisch nodules Skeletal (bowing leg, etc) Pedigree/ Positive family history Optic Tumor (glioma) Show Details / Rate It ---Hui-quan Zhao Children's Hospital Cincinnati

Pupillary dilatation (persistent): causes

3AM: 3rd nerve palsy Anti-muscarinic eye drops (eg to facilitate fundoscopy) Myotonic pupil (Holmes Adie pupil): most commonly in young women, with absent/delayed reaction to light and convergence, and of no pathological significance. Show Details / Rate It ---Gajan Rajeswaran Final Year Medical Student, Imperial College School Of Medicine, London

Ocular bobbing vs. dipping

"Breakfast is fast, Dinner is slow, both go down": Bobbing is fast. Dipping is slow. In both, the initial movement is down. Show Details / Rate It ---Parameswaran Doctor

Huntington's: chromosome, involvement

HUNT 4 DATE: HUNTington's on chromosome 4, with cauDATE nucleus involvement. Show Details / Rate It ---Syed Medical doctor

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Dementia: treatable causes

DEMENTIA: Drug toxicity Emotional (depression, anxiety, OCD, etc.) Metabolic (electrolytes, liver dz, kidney dz, COPD) Eyes/ Ears (peripheral sensory restrictions) Nutrition (vitamin, iron deficiencies/ NPH [Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus] Tumors/ Trauma (including chronic subdural hematoma) Infection (meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, syphilis) Arteriosclerosis and other vascular disease Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Bill Lynch, originated by Dr. Jerome Yesavage Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Whipple's disease: features [for neurologists]

A WHIPPLES DOOM Arthralgias Whipplei (organism) Hypothalamic involvement Intestinal involvement/ Intestinal biopsy required PAS positive macrophages PCR positivity Lymphadenopathy Extrapyramidal involvement Septran treat with Dementia Ocular abnormalities (vertical gaze palsy) Oculomasticatory myorhythmia Myoclonus Show Details / Rate It ---Bobby Varkey SCTIMST

Congenital myopathy: features

DREAMS: Dominantly inherited, mostly Reflexes decreased Enzymes normal Apathetic floppy baby Milestones delayed Skeletal abnormalities Show Details / Rate It ---Bobby Varkey SCTIMST

Chorea: common causes

St. VITUS'S DANCE: Sydenhams Vascular Increased RBC's (polycythemia) Toxins: CO, Mg, Hg Uremia SLE Senile chorea Drugs APLA syndrome Neurodegenerative conditions: HD, neuroacanthocytosis, DRPLA Conception related: pregnancy, OCP's Endocrine: hyperthyroidism, hypo-, hyperglycemia Show Details / Rate It ---Bobby Varkey SCTIMST

Status epilepticus: treatment

"Thank Goodness All Cerebral Bursts Dissipate": Thiamine Glucose Ativan Cerebyx Barbiturate Diprivan Show Details / Rate It ---J.D. Broughton, MD

Balint's syndrome

SOOT: Simultagnosia Optic ataxia Ocular apraxia Tunnel vision Show Details / Rate It ---Bobby Varkey SCTIMST

Visual loss: persistent bilateral sudden onset visual loss differential

FLOP: Functional Leber's hereditary neuropathy Occipital infarctions Pituitary apoplexy Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Bobby Varkey SCTIMST

Perinaud's syndrome: clinical features

PERINAUD'S: Pseudo 6th nerve palsy/ Penial region Eyelid Retraction Internuclear ophthalmoplegia Nystagmus Accomodation reflex present Upward gaze palsy Defective convergence/ Decerebrate rigidity Skew deviation Show Details / Rate It ---Ram Mohan Svrr Tirupathi AP India

Benidict's syndrome: site affected

Benidict's test for sugar gives red precipitate. Similarly, Benidict's syndrome affects red nucleus. Show Details / Rate It ---Ram Mohan Svrr Tirupathi AP India

Stroke: basic work up

The 3 P's: Pump Pipes Plasma Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

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Alzheimer's disease: progressive phases

ABCD: Amnesic phase (forgetting keys, leaving cooker on) Behavioural problems (antisocial, wandering) Cortical phase (incontinence, falls) Decerebrate phase (return of primitive reflexes) Show Details / Rate It ---Paul Aron University of Birmingham Medical School

Hydrocephalus: Normal pressure hydrocephalus DDx

3 W's: Wet: urinary incontinence Wobbly: gait abnormality Wacky: dementia, memory problems Show Details / Rate It ---Class of 2005 University of Florida College of Medicine

Cerebellar signs

PINARD'S: Past pointing Intention tremor Nystagmus Ataxia Rebound Dysdiadokinesia Slurred speech [Note: If you haven't done Obs yet, a Pinard's is for listening to a baby's heart on mother's abdomen] Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Brian Egan University College Galway

Multiple sclerosis: signs and symptoms

INSULAR: Intention tremor Nystagmus Slurred speech Uthoff's phenomenon Lhermitte's sign Ataxia Rebound Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Brian Egan University College Galway